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Bunny Berigan
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Bunny Berigan
enjoyed a relatively brief period of fame, lasting from 1931 through 1939 -- for the first half of those eight years a rapidly rising name within the music business, and for the second as a star before the public, featured in the bands he played in and leading his own outfit. And from 1935 through 1939, he was regarded as the top trumpeter in jazz (with his main competition being
Louis Armstrong
and
Roy Eldridge
). Yet despite the brevity of his career and his all-too-short life, he remains one of the most compelling trumpet players in the history of the music, and in the 21st century, six decades after his death, his work was still being compiled in premium-priced box sets that had an audience. It's all in the sheer quality of his work -- blessed with a beautiful tone and a wide range (
Berigan
's low notes could be as memorable as his upper-register shouts),
Berigan
brought excitement to every session he appeared on. He was not afraid to take chances during his solos and could be a bit reckless, but
Berigan
's successes and occasional failures were always colorful to hear, at least until he drank it all away. He was born Roland Bernard Berigan in Hilbert, WI, in 1908, and he was a natural musician as a boy. He took to the trumpet early, and at age 12 he was playing in a youth band organized and led by his grandfather. In his teens he branched out, passing through various local bands and college orchestras, and in 1928, at 19, he auditioned for
Hal Kemp
and he was rejected at the time, amazingly enough because of his thin tone; but by 1930 he was part of
Kemp
's band for their European tour, and also got to lay down the first recorded solos of his career with
Kemp
. Following his return to the United States that fall,
Berigan
joined
Fred Rich
's CBS studio band, which was one of the busiest such "house bands" in the burgeoning field of radio, and included such players as
Artie Shaw
in its ranks. And when he wasn't playing under the auspices of CBS, he was working freelance sessions for a multitude of artists out of various studios in New York City, and also playing the pit orchestras on Broadway. One such engagement, cited by Richard M. Sudhalter, had
Berigan
working alongside the Dorsey brothers and
Jack Teagarden
for the musical Everybody's Welcome, a mere footnote in the history of the Great White Way (notable only as the stage piece that introduced the Herman Hupfeld song "As Time Goes By," which was subsequently rescued by Warner Bros. and revived in Casablanca). He played dozens upon dozens of sessions, growing as a musician and his reputation keeping pace -- and found time to marry and have two daughters in the midst of it all -- accompanying numerous pop performers and vocalists, distinguishing many of the resulting records with his solos.
Fred Rich
's orchestra was his primary home through 1935, apart from a hiatus in late 1932 and early 1933 in which he sat with
Paul Whiteman
's orchestra, and a short stint with
Abe Lyman
in 1934.
Berigan
soon gained a strong reputation as a hot jazz soloist and he appeared on quite a few records with studio bands,
the Boswell Sisters
, and
the Dorsey Brothers
. It didn't matter who was fronting or what the songs covered at the session were; everything he touched musically turned to gold, at least where he touched it, and producers and bandleaders knew it, too, and booked him accordingly. The movie business also beckoned around this time, and he made his only film appearance in 1934, in association with
Fred Rich
in the musical short Mirrors. During 1935, he was still doing some session work, with contract frontmen such as
Red McKenzie
, the comb-player/vocalist (with whose band
Berigan
later played at the Famous Door, which resulted in more recording gigs) and contract singers like
Chick Bullock
, but his most visible role that year came during the few months he spent with
Benny Goodman
's orchestra. It was enough to launch the swing era --
Berigan
had classic solos on
Goodman
's first two hit records ("King Porter Stomp" and "Sometimes I'm Happy") and was with
B.G.
as the latter went on his historic 1935 tour out West, climaxing in the near riot at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles. He was also in
Glenn Miller
's band for
Miller
's first time out as leader that same year.
Berigan
soon returned to the more lucrative studio scene, which included more work with
McKenzie
's band from the Famous Door as well as sessions with
Billie Holiday
under the auspices of
John Hammond
in 1936. The following year, he joined
Tommy Dorsey
's band and was once again largely responsible for two hits: "Marie" and "Song of India." Two of
Dorsey
's most beloved records, they featured astonishingly fine ensemble work, even for the thoroughly polished and virtuoso
Dorsey
band (vocally as well as instrumentally in the case of "Marie"), yet even in those surroundings,
Berigan
's solos on these tunes were what everyone remembered. They were so famous that in future years
Dorsey
had them written out and orchestrated for the full trumpet section. After leaving
Dorsey
,
Bunny Berigan
finally put together his own orchestra. He scored early on with his biggest hit, "I Can't Get Started," which remains a jazz standard to this day, and has been reissued too many times to count on record and CD, as well as reused with great effectiveness in several movies, starting with
Martin Scorsese
's 1967 Vietnam allegory The Big Shave, through
John G. Avildsen
's acclaimed Save the Tiger (1973), to the soundtrack of
Roman Polanski
's Chinatown (also notable for its
Jerry Goldsmith
score and the trumpet work of
Uan Rasey
). With
Georgie Auld
on tenor and
Buddy Rich
on drums,
Berigan
had a potentially strong band. Unfortunately, he was already an alcoholic and a reluctant businessman, and the headaches of running a band -- even one that benefited from the presence of such names as
Joe Bushkin
,
Ray Conniff
,
Hank Wayland
,
Bob Jenney
, and
George Wettling
-- only drove him deeper toward the refuge of the bottle; not even regular appearances on CBS'
Saturday Night Swing Club
could ensure the group's success. One can see the toll in the surviving photographs -- in his late twenties at the end of the 1930s, he has the look of a man double that age. (One is almost grateful that the old Hollywood never made a biopic about him the way they did on
Bix Beiderbecke
, with all due respect to
Kirk Douglas
-- though one could see
Sean Penn
perhaps trying the role on for size, if only they'd get the music right). By 1939, there had been many lost opportunities and the following year
Berigan
(who was bankrupt) was forced to break up his band. He rejoined
Tommy Dorsey
for a few months but never stopped drinking and was not happy being a sideman again. All of these external events were signs of more dire conditions, psychic and physical, on the inside, and it didn't take too long for these to manifest themselves to all concerned.
Berigan
formed a new orchestra, but his health began declining, and despite the warnings of doctors, he neither slowed down in his work nor gave up drinking. He collapsed on May 30, 1942, and died on June 2, just 33 years old. His death at that moment, just as the swing era was starting its long draw to a close, inevitably raises the question, what would this brilliant swing trumpeter have done in the bop era? As it is, his work, mostly in context with various swing and dance orchestras, ranging from
Fred Rich
to
Tommy Dorsey
, and acts such as
the Boswell Sisters
, has continued to be reissued and is widely known among jazz and big-band aficionados as well as pop music enthusiasts focused on the era. And in 2004, Mosaic Records issued a magnificent seven-CD set, The Complete Brunswick, Parlophone and Vocalion Bunny Berigan Sessions, pulling together over 150 of
Berigan
's recordings made between 1931 and 1935. It's a sign of the quality of his work and the reputation
Berigan
enjoys even 60 years after his death that the latter set, which doesn't even cover the period usually considered
Berigan
's very prime, received rave reviews from jazz critics who normally display little patience for pop sides cut by their most beloved heroes.
–
Scott Yanow & Bruce Eder, Rovi
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More Bunny Berigan
Discography
Bunny/Bunny Berigan and His Boys
That's a Plenty
The Key Sessions 1931-1937
The Radio Years 1937-1940
A Melody From the Sky: 1932-1940
2012
The Big Band Sound of Bunny Berigan & Jack Teagarden
2008
I Can't Get Started [Definitive]
2003
The Complete Brunswick, Parlophone and Vocalion Bunny Berigan Sessions
2003
Down by the Old Mill Stream
2003
Let's Do It
2002
Take It, Bunny
2002
In the Mood with Bunny Berigan
2002
In the Mood With
2002
Through the Years [Jazz Archives]
2002
1909-1942: Flat Foot Floogie
2002
Jazz Me Blues
2002
Jazz After Hours: Bunny Berigan
2001
I Can't Get Started [Collectables]
2001
I Can't Get Started [Pro Arte]
1999
1936, Vol. 1
1999
Classic Tracks
1999
All Star Broadcasts
1998
Sideman - The ARC Years: 1931-1936
1997
Bunny Berigan and the Rhythm Makers
1996
1935-1936
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